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1. 製造業積極參與,且調查企業樣本有效。
2. 研發人員與管理階層的比例較高,第一線回饋直接反映了產業的真實情況。
從以上兩份數據可以看出,這項調查得到了終端製造企業和解決方案設計企業研發工程師的大力支持和積極響應,基本上反映了當前電子製造研發人員對電子元件短缺問題的第一手真實回饋。
3. 受訪公司涵蓋各行各業,短缺問題也涉及各行各業。
The survey shows that nearly 50% of companies have annual revenue of less than 50 million yuan, 11.5% of companies have annual revenue of 50 million to 100 million yuan, and 12.3% have annual revenue of 100 million to 300 million yuan. This shows that small and medium-sized enterprises are more concerned about the shortage of components, and the impact of the shortage on small and medium-sized enterprises is also greater.
資料來源:電子愛好者網路發布的《2021年電子元件缺貨調查》
4. MCUs and power ICs are most out of stock. Passive components that were often out of stock in previous years have little impact this time.
然而,像是MLCC和PCB這類在前兩年供應短缺期間供不應求的產品,今年並沒有特別明顯的短缺。
5. 缺貨現象從去年就已存在,但將在2021年全面爆發。
Generally speaking, the normal delivery time for MCUs, power ICs, power devices, etc. is 8 weeks. Obviously, from the survey situation, it has become a common phenomenon that the delivery time is longer, and the proportion of delivery time exceeding 4 months and half a year has exceeded 45%. It can be seen that the entire delivery time situation is very serious.
許多公司反映,他們的產品已經斷貨半年甚至一年以上。然而,這次供應鏈反應遲緩與持續蔓延的疫情有關,也與近年來去中間化趨勢密切相關。
資料來源:電子愛好者網路發布的《2021年電子元件缺貨調查》
6. 美國和台灣超過 50% 的原廠缺貨,情況不太好。
資料來源:電子愛好者網路發布的《2021年電子元件缺貨調查》
7. 訂單持續增加,但同時又出現短缺,情況嚴峻。
資料來源:電子愛好者網路發布的《2021年電子元件缺貨調查》
8. 短期內的主要行動是尋找替代材料和新的供應商,中期計畫是重新設計方案。
缺貨企業正在短期內尋找替代材料和更多供應商,這對國內積體電路企業來說是良好的市場機會。市場格局的重新洗牌勢在必行。目前,重新設計方案是一項中期應對策略,尚未出現企業裁員或倒閉的情況。隨著缺貨情況的持續,我們將繼續關注產業發展。
資料來源:電子愛好者網路發布的《2021年電子元件缺貨調查》
9. The top three reasons for shortages are global, and it is difficult for Chinese companies to deal with them alone.
此外,國內需求的爆炸性成長,包括 5G 和新能源汽車的需求成長,也是原因之一。
In addition, artificial stockpiling and strategic adjustments by chip manufacturers have also exacerbated the outbreak of shortages to some extent.
10. 短缺情況令人悲觀,不太可能在 2021 年上半年解決。
絕大多數人認為時間點將在 2021 年第三季及以後,超過 45% 的人認為時間點將從 2021 年第三季持續到年底,20.5% 的受訪者選擇了 2022 年。
根據整體預測,2021年上半年短缺情況仍將持續。第三季情況開始有所緩解,但情況可能要到2022年才能明朗。
這再次證實了先前的觀點。
研究概要
可以說,在這次短缺浪潮中,受衝擊最大的是中小企業。一般來說,由於半導體的原有供應較傾向於大客戶,因此中小企業缺乏穩定的供應鏈支撐。尤其是在短缺時期,不僅難以取得晶片,還容易受到市場價格上漲的衝擊。因此,對於中小企業而言,短缺情勢的衝擊更大,壓力也更大。
How to solve it? Of course it's difficult. Time is running out, so we would like to make three suggestions for now:
Nowadays, the most lacking chips such as MCUs and power ICs are mostly in mature design solutions. It seems that the chips cannot be obtained based on the original solutions. Therefore, when electronic engineers choose to redesign the solution, it is recommended to choose some newer brands of chips. They may not be from mainstream suppliers, but they also have certain strength, and there is currently no shortage of these chips. For example, the most used MCU abroad is STMicrochipCypress. Obviously, they have the most previous solutions and the greatest demand, and the shortage is definitely the most serious. But there are also some brands that are less popular and difficult to recommend. During the interview, the author learned that they previously had a large stock of MCUs as standard products, and they still have stocks on hand. If the R&D engineers are not particularly busy with new projects, why not consider changing to a new MCU to make a solution?
第二點是考慮使用國產材料。以微控制器(MCU)為例,國內有不少新型MCU廠商,他們擁有晶圓合作夥伴和配套外圍裝置。整體而言,供應和設計難度相對較低。一旦開始合作,供應鏈安全比國外更有保障。
第三,作為一家長期服務電子設計製造業的媒體,我們仍然呼籲大眾保持冷靜。無論是疫情、原料或產能,這些都是全球性問題,短期內實現完全國產化是不切實際的。電子業是技術含量最高的產業,一直以來都是全球分工的產物。作為最大的應用製造基地,中國不應指望像服裝、鞋類或農作物生產那樣,完全依賴國內資源解決供應鏈問題。在電子生產製造領域,與外資企業合作一直是主流,隨意鼓吹全面替代並不能解決問題。
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